brownlee



R. H. BROWNLEE. LU BRICATING, OIL. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 23, I918- Patented Apr. 12, 1921.

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ROY H, BROWNLEEOF IPITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA.

LUBRICATING-OIL.

Original application filed May 13, 1918, Serial No. 234,077. Divided and this application filed November 23, 1918. Serial No. 263,829.

To all whomz'tmayconcem:

Be it known that I, ROY H. BRoWNLEn,

a citizen of the United States, residing at Pittsburgh, in the. county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Lubricating-Oils, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an improved lubrieating oil of low specific gravity, low cold test, and high viscosity,having the properties of lubricating oils made from the finest asphaltic base crudes, from hydrocarbons of petroleum distillates.

In making my improved oil, I may utilize any suitable hydrocarbon made from the lighter vaporous and condensed products of hydrocarbon oils, but prefer the product of the process of treating hydrocarbon oils forming the subject matter of my prior application, filed ,March 29, 1917, Serial No. 158,165. The lubricating oil of the present application is the product of the process or method forming the subject matter of my prior application filed May 13, 1918, series No. 234,077, of whichthe subject matter of the present application is a division.

' The desired product results from treating 'a petroleum distillatecontaining a consider 39 able percentage of unsaturated hydrocarbons within an 'inclosed vessel in the press" 7 once of a suitablecatalyst, capable of polymerizing the unsaturated hydrocarbons at a suitable temperature with accompanying agitation, to effect the desired reaction and separation'of useful vapors from other undesirable products. Thereafter, the agitation is temporarily discontinued, the accumulated sludge is drawnoff, and a small por- 40 tion of the lighter vapors may be distilled off and condensed and washed and collected a for use as a fuel or otherwise. The remaining product is then agitated and washed with Water from any suitable supply, as a spray pipe, and allowed to settle, and is then washed with an alkaline material, from a suitable supplyl The alkaline ,materlal is then removed, and

x the remaining product is washed with water to remove any remaining alkaline material. The remaining material is then reduced in the presence of steam or a suitable gas to produce the desired resulting lubricating oil above referred to.

In the accompanying drawingsflI have illustrated an apparatus suitable for the process, in which: Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation 1n sectional elevation, adapted to operate in the manner hereinafter set forth.

Fig, 2is a longitudinal sectional view of the stlll, on the line H, II of F ig. 1.

Specification of Letters Patent. I Patented Apr. 12, 1921.

I provide a cylindrical vessel 2 of suitable 7 dimensions and capacity, in thecenter of whlch 1s a rotatable shaft 3 having a series of. agitating paddles or heaters 4. Shaft 3 is supported in a step box 5 having surrounding clearance for circulation and passes upwardly through a stuffing box 6 and a top bearing, and is rotated by gearing 7-8 and pulley 9,01' other suitable means of vigorous agitation may be used. The vessel 2 is surrounded by a hot water or steam heating coil 10 by which the contents may be raised to, any desired temperature under control of the operator, and avalve 11- and conduit 12 provide for withdrawal of accumulated contents from the bottom of the .1 vessel.

chlorid may be substituted for above acid treatment. T 0 this main body of petroleum distillate 'Iadd a catalyst capable of polymerizing the imsaturated hydrocarbons present, as say about one-tenth of a pound, or less,'of anhydrous aluminum hydrochloric acid or other halid per gallon .of distillate, or means for producingthe chlorid or anhydrous same in a nascent condition. The catalyst may be introduced through manhole 13' or .desired reaction will take place to some ex- -tent atordinary temperatures, but slowly and incompletely, compared to the higher temperatures noted.

After stirring, for say an hour to an hour and one half, the stirring is stopped, and

a' heavy dark colored sludge, resulting from the operations, is allowed to settle into the bottom of vessel 2 and is drawn off through valve 11.

Any light naphtha vapor in the vessel, 2'. 6., saturated hydrocarbons not exceeding say 5% to 10% of the total charge, may be drawn off through valve-controlled conduit 14 to condensing coil 15 and is condensed to a liquid. This product has an acid reaction and may be easily neutralized with soda. It is passed through a washer 16 to remove excess of soda and then drawn off by outlet 17 and used as a fuel for engines, or as desired.

Such separate treatment of any portion of the main charge may, however, beomitted, and included in the general operation following.

The contents of agitating vessel 2 are cooled and again stirred, or otherwise agitated, and are then allowed to stand, when coloring substances will settle to the bottom ofthe agitator and be drawn ofi'. Cooling of the contents of vessel 2 may be effected by shutting off the steam or hot water supply to the coil 10 by valve 24 and opening valve 25 of a branch cold water supply pipe 26. Soda or caustic sodasolution is added by branch pipe 19. The contents of agitating vessel 2 are again stirred and allowed to settle to the bottom. Excess of alkaline material is washed out with water from spray pipe 19 and is drawn off from the bottom of agitator.

At this stage'in the process, the remaining product will have become clear and of a light amber color, and is drawn ofl through valve-controlled conduit 18 to still 20.

Still 20, into which the washed product is charged, is suitably mounted for operation 'over a furnace setting of common construction, and in which it is reduced by heat actlon, in connection with steam or a suit: able gas, introduced in thebottom of the I still by pipe coil 21 having outlet perforations, of well known construction.

At first a certain proportion of naphtha vapor is produced which" passes by conduit 22 to condenser 23, and is drawn off and treated as above described to produce a liquid condensate. If all of the distillates from still 20 having a flashpoint higher than about 300 F are mixed together, an

'fractional quantities of lubricating distillates, thereby obtaining a number of oils having different gravities and viscosities.

The distillate from this oil has a remarkably low cold test, 60 to F., and will. remain perfectly bright below those temperatures.

The oil remaining in the still will now have been reduced to the desired flash and viscosity and, if desired, may be filtered through any suitable medium, as clay, bone, etc., to remove any suspended sediment, and further improve the color and clarity. The naturalcolor of the resulting oil when properly prepared being amber, verylittle filtering is required.

The oil resulting from the foregoing treatment, which maybe conveniently divided into an oil having a flashpoint of approximately 300 F., and theheavier-remaining oil, has the following desirable and; interesting characteristics. s Q '1: 1

Although the stock of. rawmaterial. from which the unsaturated hydrocarbons-were obtained may have been jobtained.}from paraflinbas'e oils, such as distillate -froinPennsylvania crude, the oil does not have the usual properties ofparaffin base lubricating oils, but has the properties of lubricating oils made from the finestasphaltic base crudes. The oil may-be reduced so as to have a very'high viscosity and at the same time has a low specific gravity and a very low cold test. .Thus, i this very viscous oil will pour freelyat a temperature at or much lower than zero, depending upon the viscosity to which the productis reduced, and at the temperature of pouring and even much lower will remain perfectly bright. That is to say, it shows no separation of solid matter. The oil of the flash point of approximately 300 F., constitutes substantially one-third of the entire lubricating product. It isparticularly adapted to use as an airplane machine gun oil or ice machine oil. This oil has a viscosity of 73 at 100 F., together with a flash test of 300 F., a fire test of 325 F., and a cold test of approximately -60 F. The heavier, or reduced, oil has a viscosity of 76 at 212 F together with a flash test at this viscosity of 425 to.4;50 F., a fire test of from 460 to 480 F and .a cold test of approximately 4 F. This oil is the grade which is of the greater importance and which is well adapted for use in internal combustion engines.

For purposes of comparison, the flash point and cold test of oils of ordinary production which have corresponding viscosities may be given.

Thus a paraflin base oil having a viscosity I Y will have a flash point of 375 to 390 F.,-

and a cold test of +10 F.

All viscosities given are taken on the Saybolt universal viscosimeter.

The cuts above described are arbitrary and a number of cuts may bemade to give oils of varying viscosity and accompanying characteristics. The grades above mentioned, however, clearly illustrate those desired characteristics of the'entire bulk of lubricant; namely, that it has 'a much lower cold test than a paraflin base oil of equal viscosity, and that it hasa higher flash test and lower cold test than an asphalt base oil of equal viscosity. 1

Either of the cuts described is suitable for use in shock absorbers, as they tend to obviate the necessity for changing the oil in the shock absorbers in accommodation to varying temperatures. In other words, this oil has a lower coefficient of viscosity than the usual oils. I

A further important characteristic of all cuts of the lubricatin oil, is the low carbon residue obtained by onradson test. In the case of the out having a viscosity of 7 3 at 100 'F., the carbon residue by this test is merely a trace. In the case of the heavier reduced oil, having a viscosity of 76 at 212 F., the .carbon residue by Conradson test is less than 0.3 of one per cent. As this oil is adapted for use in internal combustion engines, and particularly in airplane engines in which the sparking points must be kept clean, this feature is of great importance.

Itshould be noted that the lowest residue of an asphalt base oil by Conradson test is from 0.5 of one per cent. to 0.7 of one per cent; while a paraffin base oil shows a residue of 1.3 per cent. to 1.7 per cent. 'Ihese figures are taken of oils having a viscosity of approximately 76 at 212 F. I

When distilled under a vacuum, 60% of this oil distills within the range of 70 0.,

showing that it is much more uniform in composition than usual or ordinary oils.

What I claim is:

1. A lubricating oil of synthetic production having a high flash point and low cold test in relation to its viscosit such relations being ind'icated by a flash of 425 Fahrenheit to 450 Fahrenheit and a cold test of approximately 4 Fahrenheit for 11 out having a viscosity of 7 6 at 212 Fahreneit.

2. A lubricating oil of synthetic production having a viscosity of 76 at 212 Fahrenheit, such oil having the characteristic that 60 per cent. thereof will distil within a range of centigrade.

3. A lubricating oil of synthetic production characterized by having for a cut with a viscosity of 7 (Sat 212 Fahrenheit, a carbon residue by Conradson test of less than 0.3 of one per cent.

4. A lubricating oil of synthetic production characterized by having for a viscosity of 76 at 212 Fahrenheit a carbon residue by Conradson test of less than 0.3'of one per cent; said oil having the further characteristic that 60 per cent of the body thereof having a viscosity of 76 at 212 Fahrenheit will distil within a range of 70 centigrade.

5. A lubricating oil of s nthetic production having a high flash point and low cold test in relation to its viscosity; such relations being indicated by a flash test of 425 Fahrenheit to 450 Fahrenheit and a cold test of approximately 4 Fahrenheit for a cut having a viscosity of 76 at 212 Fahrenheit; such oil having the added characteristic that 60 per cent. of the body thereof,

having a viscosity of 7 6 at 212 Fahrenheit,

will distil within a range of 70 centigrade.

6. A lubricating oil of synthetic production having a high flash point and low cold test in relation to its viscosity; such relation being indicated by a flash test of 425 Fahrenheit and a cold test of approximately -4 Fahrenheit for a out having a viscosity of 76 at 212 Fahrenheitg" such oil having the further characteristic that any out throughout the body thereof has a carbon residue by Conradson test of less than 0.3 of one per cent. I

7. A lubricating oil of synthetic production having a high flash point and low cold test with relation to its viscosity; such relations being indicated by a flash point of 300 Fahrenheit and cold test of approximately -60 Fahrenheit for a cuthaving a viscosity'of 73 at 100 Fahrenheit and a flash point of 425 to 450 Fahrenheit with a cold test of approximately 4 Fahrenheit for a body having a viscosity of 76 at 212 Fahrenheit.

8. A synthetically produced hydrocarbon oil corresponding generally to a crude oil of natural occurrence; such oil presenting throughout its body the characteristic of a cold test varying with different cuts from thirty degrees Fahrenheit to ninety degrees Fahrenheit lower than that of a paraflin base crude of equal viscosity, and varying with different cuts from ten degrees Fahrenheit to sixty degrees Fahrenhelt lower than an asphalt base crude of equal viscosity.

9. A synthetically produced hydrocarbon oil corresponding generally to a crude; oilof natural occurrence; such oil presenting throughout its body the characteristic of a cold test varying with different cuts from thirty degrees Fahrenheit to ninety degrees Fahrenheit lower than that of a paraffin 5 base crude of equal Viscosity, and varying with different cuts from ten degrees Fahrenheit to sixty degrees Fahrenheit lower than an asphalt base crude of equal viscosity; said oil showing throughout a carbon residue by Conradson test of less than 0.3 of one 10 per cent. y

In testimony whereof I hereunto afix my signature. ROY H; BROWNLEE. 

